Ehsan Samei

Reed and Martha Rice Distinguished Professor of Radiology

Dr. Ehsan Samei, PhD, DABR, FAAPM, FSPIE, FAIMBE, FIOMP, FACR is a Persian-American medical physicist. He is the Reed and Martha Rice Distinguished Professor of Radiology, and Professor of Medical Physics, Biomedical Engineering, Physics, and Electrical and Computer Engineering at Duke University. He serves as the Chief Imaging Physicist for Duke University Health System, the Director of the Carl E Ravin Advanced Imaging Laboratories and the Center for Virtual Imaging Trials (CVIT), and co-PI of one the five Centers of Excellence in Regulatory Science and Innovation (CERSI), Triangle CERSI. He is certified by the American Board of Radiology, recognized as a Distinguished Investigator by the Academy of Radiology Research, and awarded Fellow by five professional organization. He founded/co-founded the Duke Medical Physics Program, the Duke Imaging Physics Residency Program, the Duke Clinical Imaging Physics Group, the Center for Virtual Imaging Trials, and the Society of Directors of Academic Medical Physics Programs (SDAMPP). He has held senior leadership positions in the AAPM, SPIE, SDAMPP, and RSNA, including election to the presidency of the SEAAPM (2010-2011), SDAMPP (2011), and AAPM (2023).

Dr. Samei’s scientific expertise include x-ray imaging, theoretical imaging models, simulation methods, and experimental techniques in medical image formation, quantification, and perception.  His research aims to bridge the gap between scientific scholarship and clinical practice, in the meaningful realization of translational research, and in clinical processes that are informed by scientific evidence. He has advanced image quality and safety metrics and radiometrics that are clinically relevant and that can be used to design, optimize, and monitor interpretive and quantitative performance of imaging techniques. These have been implemented in advanced imaging performance characterization, procedural optimization, and clinical dose and quality analytics. His most recent research interests have been virtual clinical trial across a broad spectrum of oncologic, pulmonary, cardiac, and vascular diseases, and developing methodological advances that provide smart fusions of principle-informed and AI-based, data-informed approaches to scientific inquiry.

Dr. Samei has mentored over 140 trainees (graduate and postgraduate). He has >1400 scientific publications including >360 referred journal articles, ~600 conference presentations, and 4 books. Citations to his work is reflected in an h-index of 74 and a Weighted Relative Citation Ratio of 613. His laboratory of over 20 researchers has been supported continuously over two decades by 44 extramural grants, culminating in a NIH Program Project grant in 2021 to establish the national Center for Virtual Imaging Trials (CVIT), joining a small number of prominent Biomedical Technology Research Centers across the nation. In 2023, he, along with 3 other PIs, was awarded to lead one of five national Centers of Excellence in Regulatory Science and Innovation (Triangle CERSI) by the FDA.

Appointments and Affiliations

  • Reed and Martha Rice Distinguished Professor of Radiology
  • Professor in Radiology
  • Member of the Duke Cancer Institute
  • Professor of Physics
  • Professor in the Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering
  • Professor of Biomedical Engineering

Contact Information

Education

  • M.E. University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, 1995
  • Ph.D. University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, 1997

Research Interests

Dr. Samei’s scientific expertise include x-ray imaging, theoretical imaging models, simulation methods, and experimental techniques in medical image formation, quantification, and perception.  His research aims to bridge the gap between scientific scholarship and clinical practice, in the meaningful realization of translational research, and in clinical processes that are informed by scientific evidence. He has advanced image quality and safety metrics and radiometrics that are clinically relevant and that can be used to design, optimize, and monitor interpretive and quantitative performance of imaging techniques. These have been implemented in advanced imaging performance characterization, procedural optimization, and clinical dose and quality analytics. His most recent research interests have been virtual clinical trial across a broad spectrum of oncologic, pulmonary, cardiac, and vascular diseases, and developing methodological advances that provide smart fusions of principle-informed and AI-based, data-informed approaches to scientific inquiry.

Courses Taught

  • MEDPHY 732: Advanced Topics of Ionizing-based Imaging Modalities
  • BME 792: Continuation of Graduate Independent Study

In the News

Representative Publications

  • Samei, Ehsan, Simon Murphy, and Olav Christianson. “DQE of wireless digital detectors: comparative performance with differing filtration schemes.” Med Phys 40, no. 8 (August 2013): 081910. https://doi.org/10.1118/1.4813298.
  • Samei, Ehsan, Xiang Li, Baiyu Chen, and Robert Reiman. “The effect of dose heterogeneity on radiation risk in medical imaging.” Radiat Prot Dosimetry 155, no. 1 (June 2013): 42–58. https://doi.org/10.1093/rpd/ncs275.
  • Chen, Baiyu, Daniele Marin, Samuel Richard, Daniela Husarik, Rendon Nelson, and Ehsan Samei. “Precision of iodine quantification in hepatic CT: effects of iterative reconstruction with various imaging parameters.” AJR Am J Roentgenol 200, no. 5 (May 2013): W475–82. https://doi.org/10.2214/AJR.12.9658.
  • Segars, W. P., Jason Bond, Jack Frush, Sylvia Hon, Chris Eckersley, Cameron H. Williams, Jianqiao Feng, et al. “Population of anatomically variable 4D XCAT adult phantoms for imaging research and optimization.” Med Phys 40, no. 4 (April 2013): 043701. https://doi.org/10.1118/1.4794178.
  • Wilson, Joshua M., Olav I. Christianson, Samuel Richard, and Ehsan Samei. “A methodology for image quality evaluation of advanced CT systems.” Med Phys 40, no. 3 (March 2013): 031908. https://doi.org/10.1118/1.4791645.
  • Solomon, Justin B., Xiang Li, and Ehsan Samei. “Relating noise to image quality indicators in CT examinations with tube current modulation.” AJR Am J Roentgenol 200, no. 3 (March 2013): 592–600. https://doi.org/10.2214/AJR.12.8580.
  • Copple, Christina, Ian D. Robertson, Donald E. Thrall, and Ehsan Samei. “Evaluation of two objective methods to optimize kVp and personnel exposure using a digital indirect flat panel detector and simulated veterinary patients.” Vet Radiol Ultrasound 54, no. 1 (2013): 9–16. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1740-8261.2012.01989.x.
  • Christianson, Olav, Xiang Li, Donald Frush, and Ehsan Samei. “Automated size-specific CT dose monitoring program: assessing variability in CT dose.” Med Phys 39, no. 11 (November 2012): 7131–39. https://doi.org/10.1118/1.4761871.
  • Li, Xiang, Ehsan Samei, Cameron H. Williams, W Paul Segars, Daniel J. Tward, Michael I. Miller, J Tilak Ratnanather, Erik K. Paulson, and Donald P. Frush. “Effects of protocol and obesity on dose conversion factors in adult body CT.” Med Phys 39, no. 11 (November 2012): 6550–71. https://doi.org/10.1118/1.4754584.
  • Solomon, Justin B., Olav Christianson, and Ehsan Samei. “Quantitative comparison of noise texture across CT scanners from different manufacturers.” Med Phys 39, no. 10 (October 2012): 6048–55. https://doi.org/10.1118/1.4752209.
  • McCollough, Cynthia H., Guang Hong Chen, Willi Kalender, Shuai Leng, Ehsan Samei, Katsuyuki Taguchi, Ge Wang, Lifeng Yu, and Roderic I. Pettigrew. “Achieving routine submillisievert CT scanning: report from the summit on management of radiation dose in CT.” Radiology 264, no. 2 (August 2012): 567–80. https://doi.org/10.1148/radiol.12112265.
  • Pollard, Benjamin J., Ehsan Samei, Amarpreet S. Chawla, Craig Beam, Laura E. Heyneman, Lynne M Hurwitz Koweek, Santiago Martinez-Jimenez, Lacey Washington, Noriyuki Hashimoto, and H Page McAdams. “The effects of ambient lighting in chest radiology reading rooms.” J Digit Imaging 25, no. 4 (August 2012): 520–26. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10278-012-9459-5.
  • Richard, Samuel, Daniela B. Husarik, Girijesh Yadava, Simon N. Murphy, and Ehsan Samei. “Towards task-based assessment of CT performance: System and object MTF across different reconstruction algorithms.” Med Phys 39, no. 7Part1 (July 2012): 4115–22. https://doi.org/10.1118/1.4725171.
  • Chen, Baiyu, Huiman Barnhart, Samuel Richard, James Colsher, Maxwell Amurao, and Ehsan Samei. “Quantitative CT: technique dependence of volume estimation on pulmonary nodules.” Phys Med Biol 57, no. 5 (March 7, 2012): 1335–48. https://doi.org/10.1088/0031-9155/57/5/1335.
  • Samei, Ehsan, Terry M. Button, and Colin G. Orton. “Point/Counterpoint: The 2014 initiative can have potentially unintended negative consequences for medical physics in diagnostic imaging and nuclear medicine.” Med Phys 39, no. 3 (March 2012): 1167–68. https://doi.org/10.1118/1.3658741.
  • Samei, Ehsan, Nariman Majdi-Nasab, James T. Dobbins, and H Page McAdams. “Biplane correlation imaging: a feasibility study based on phantom and human data.” J Digit Imaging 25, no. 1 (February 2012): 137–47. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10278-011-9392-z.
  • Samei, Ehsan, and J. Anthony Seibert. “The tenuous state of clinical medical physics in diagnostic imaging.” Med Phys 38, no. 12 (December 2011): iii–iv. https://doi.org/10.1118/1.3664002.
  • D’Alessandro, Brian, Mark Madsen, Ehsan Samei, Xiang Li, Jin Wooi-Tan, Kevin S. Berbaum, Kevin Schartz, Robert Caldwell, and Lionel S. Zuckier. “Synthetic positron emission tomography-computed tomography images for use in perceptual studies.” Semin Nucl Med 41, no. 6 (November 2011): 437–48. https://doi.org/10.1053/j.semnuclmed.2011.06.007.
  • Wang, Carolyn Lee, Yen Wei Chea, Daniel T. Boll, Ehsan Samei, Amy M. Neville, Brian M. Dale, and Elmar M. Merkle. “Effect of gadolinium chelate contrast agents on diffusion weighted MR imaging of the liver, spleen, pancreas and kidney at 3 T.” Eur J Radiol 80, no. 2 (November 2011): e1–7. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ejrad.2010.05.019.
  • Samei, Ehsan, and Robert S. Saunders. “Dual-energy contrast-enhanced breast tomosynthesis: optimization of beam quality for dose and image quality.” Phys Med Biol 56, no. 19 (October 7, 2011): 6359–78. https://doi.org/10.1088/0031-9155/56/19/013.
  • Samei, Ehsan, Nicole T. Ranger, James T. Dobbins, and Carl E. Ravin. “Effective dose efficiency: an application-specific metric of quality and dose for digital radiography.” Phys Med Biol 56, no. 16 (August 21, 2011): 5099–5118. https://doi.org/10.1088/0031-9155/56/16/002.
  • Li, Xiang, Ehsan Samei, W Paul Segars, Gregory M. Sturgeon, James G. Colsher, and Donald P. Frush. “Patient-specific radiation dose and cancer risk for pediatric chest CT.” Radiology 259, no. 3 (June 2011): 862–74. https://doi.org/10.1148/radiol.11101900.
  • Chen, Baiyu, Jamie Shorey, Robert S. Saunders, Samuel Richard, John Thompson, Loren W. Nolte, and Ehsan Samei. “An anthropomorphic breast model for breast imaging simulation and optimization.” Acad Radiol 18, no. 5 (May 2011): 536–46. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.acra.2010.11.009.
  • Li, Xiang, Ehsan Samei, Huiman X. Barnhart, Ana Maria Gaca, Caroline L. Hollingsworth, Charles M. Maxfield, Caroline W. T. Carrico, James G. Colsher, and Donald P. Frush. “Lung nodule detection in pediatric chest CT: quantitative relationship between image quality and radiologist performance.” Med Phys 38, no. 5 (May 2011): 2609–18. https://doi.org/10.1118/1.3582975.
  • Webb, Lincoln J., Ehsan Samei, Joseph Y. Lo, Jay A. Baker, Sujata V. Ghate, Connie Kim, Mary Scott Soo, and Ruth Walsh. “Comparative performance of multiview stereoscopic and mammographic display modalities for breast lesion detection.” Med Phys 38, no. 4 (April 2011): 1972–80. https://doi.org/10.1118/1.3562901.
  • Li, Xiang, Ehsan Samei, W Paul Segars, Gregory M. Sturgeon, James G. Colsher, Greta Toncheva, Terry T. Yoshizumi, and Donald P. Frush. “Patient-specific radiation dose and cancer risk estimation in CT: part I. development and validation of a Monte Carlo program.” Med Phys 38, no. 1 (January 2011): 397–407. https://doi.org/10.1118/1.3515839.
  • Li, Xiang, Ehsan Samei, W Paul Segars, Gregory M. Sturgeon, James G. Colsher, Greta Toncheva, Terry T. Yoshizumi, and Donald P. Frush. “Patient-specific radiation dose and cancer risk estimation in CT: part II. Application to patients.” Med Phys 38, no. 1 (January 2011): 408–19. https://doi.org/10.1118/1.3515864.
  • Richard, Samuel, and Ehsan Samei. “Quantitative breast tomosynthesis: from detectability to estimability.” Med Phys 37, no. 12 (December 2010): 6157–65. https://doi.org/10.1118/1.3501883.
  • Marin, Daniele, Rendon C. Nelson, Huiman Barnhart, Sebastian T. Schindera, Lisa M. Ho, Tracy A. Jaffe, Terry T. Yoshizumi, Richard Youngblood, and Ehsan Samei. “Detection of pancreatic tumors, image quality, and radiation dose during the pancreatic parenchymal phase: effect of a low-tube-voltage, high-tube-current CT technique--preliminary results.” Radiology 256, no. 2 (August 2010): 450–59. https://doi.org/10.1148/radiol.10091819.
  • Richard, Samuel, and Ehsan Samei. “Quantitative imaging in breast tomosynthesis and CT: Comparison of detection and estimation task performance.” Med Phys 37, no. 6Part1 (June 2010): 2627–37. https://doi.org/10.1118/1.3429025.
  • Ranger, Nicole T., Joseph Y. Lo, and Ehsan Samei. “A technique optimization protocol and the potential for dose reduction in digital mammography.” Med Phys 37, no. 3 (March 2010): 962–69. https://doi.org/10.1118/1.3276732.
  • Shafer, Christina M., Ehsan Samei, and Joseph Y. Lo. “The quantitative potential for breast tomosynthesis imaging.” Med Phys 37, no. 3 (March 2010): 1004–16. https://doi.org/10.1118/1.3285038.
  • Fleck, Mathias S., Ehsan Samei, and Stephen R. Mitroff. “Generalized "satisfaction of search": adverse influences on dual-target search accuracy.” J Exp Psychol Appl 16, no. 1 (March 2010): 60–71. https://doi.org/10.1037/a0018629.
  • Marin, Daniele, Rendon C. Nelson, Sebastian T. Schindera, Samuel Richard, Richard S. Youngblood, Terry T. Yoshizumi, and Ehsan Samei. “Low-tube-voltage, high-tube-current multidetector abdominal CT: improved image quality and decreased radiation dose with adaptive statistical iterative reconstruction algorithm--initial clinical experience.” Radiology 254, no. 1 (January 2010): 145–53. https://doi.org/10.1148/radiol.09090094.
  • Chawla, Amarpreet S., Joseph Y. Lo, Jay A. Baker, and Ehsan Samei. “Optimized image acquisition for breast tomosynthesis in projection and reconstruction space.” Med Phys 36, no. 11 (November 2009): 4859–69. https://doi.org/10.1118/1.3231814.
  • Samei, Ehsan, Nicole T. Ranger, Alistair MacKenzie, Ian D. Honey, James T. Dobbins, and Carl E. Ravin. “Effective DQE (eDQE) and speed of digital radiographic systems: an experimental methodology.” Med Phys 36, no. 8 (August 2009): 3806–17. https://doi.org/10.1118/1.3171690.
  • Shepard, S Jeff, Jihong Wang, Michael Flynn, Eric Gingold, Lee Goldman, Kerry Krugh, David L. Leong, et al. “An exposure indicator for digital radiography: AAPM Task Group 116 (executive summary).” Med Phys 36, no. 7 (July 2009): 2898–2914. https://doi.org/10.1118/1.3121505.
  • Li, Xiang, Ehsan Samei, David M. DeLong, Robert P. Jones, Ana Maria Gaca, Caroline L. Hollingsworth, Charles M. Maxfield, James G. Colsher, and Donald P. Frush. “Pediatric MDCT: towards assessing the diagnostic influence of dose reduction on the detection of small lung nodules.” Acad Radiol 16, no. 7 (July 2009): 872–80. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.acra.2009.01.028.
  • Saunders, Robert S., Ehsan Samei, Joseph Y. Lo, and Jay A. Baker. “Can compression be reduced for breast tomosynthesis? Monte carlo study on mass and microcalcification conspicuity in tomosynthesis.” Radiology 251, no. 3 (June 2009): 673–82. https://doi.org/10.1148/radiol.2521081278.
  • Marin, Daniele, Rendon C. Nelson, Ehsan Samei, Erik K. Paulson, Lisa M. Ho, Daniel T. Boll, David M. DeLong, Terry T. Yoshizumi, and Sebastian T. Schindera. “Hypervascular liver tumors: low tube voltage, high tube current multidetector CT during late hepatic arterial phase for detection--initial clinical experience.” Radiology 251, no. 3 (June 2009): 771–79. https://doi.org/10.1148/radiol.2513081330.
  • Li, X., E. Samei, D. M. Delong, R. P. Jones, A. M. Gaca, C. L. Hollingsworth, C. M. Maxfield, C. W. T. Carrico, and D. P. Frush. “Three-dimensional simulation of lung nodules for paediatric multidetector array CT.” Br J Radiol 82, no. 977 (May 2009): 401–11. https://doi.org/10.1259/bjr/51749983.
  • Chawla, Amarpreet S., Robert S. Saunders, Swatee Singh, Joseph Y. Lo, and Ehsan Samei. “Towards optimized acquisition scheme for multiprojection correlation imaging of breast cancer.” Acad Radiol 16, no. 4 (April 2009): 456–63. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.acra.2008.09.013.
  • Pollard, Benjamin J., Ehsan Samei, Amarpreet S. Chawla, Jay Baker, Sujata Ghate, Connie Kim, Mary S. Soo, and Noriyuki Hashimoto. “The influence of increased ambient lighting on mass detection in mammograms.” Acad Radiol 16, no. 3 (March 2009): 299–304. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.acra.2008.08.017.
  • Castella, C., M. P. Eckstein, C. K. Abbey, K. Kinkel, F. R. Verdun, R. S. Saunders, E. Samei, and F. O. Bochud. “Mass detection on mammograms: influence of signal shape uncertainty on human and model observers.” J Opt Soc Am A Opt Image Sci Vis 26, no. 2 (February 2009): 425–36. https://doi.org/10.1364/josaa.26.000425.
  • Li, Xiang, and Ehsan Samei. “Comparison of patient size-based methods for estimating quantum noise in CT images of the lung.” Med Phys 36, no. 2 (February 2009): 541–46. https://doi.org/10.1118/1.3058482.
  • Samei, Ehsan, Robert S. Saunders, Cristian T. Badea, Ketan B. Ghaghada, Laurence W. Hedlund, Yi Qi, Hong Yuan, Rex C. Bentley, and Srinivasan Mukundan. “Micro-CT imaging of breast tumors in rodents using a liposomal, nanoparticle contrast agent.” Int J Nanomedicine 4 (2009): 277–82.
  • Li, Xiang, Ehsan Samei, W Paul Segars, Gregory M. Sturgeon, James G. Colsher, and Donald P. Frush. “Patient-specific dose estimation for pediatric chest CT.” Med Phys 35, no. 12 (December 2008): 5821–28. https://doi.org/10.1118/1.3026593.
  • Samei, Ehsan, Nicole T. Ranger, Alistair MacKenzie, Ian D. Honey, James T. Dobbins, and Carl E. Ravin. “Detector or system? Extending the concept of detective quantum efficiency to characterize the performance of digital radiographic imaging systems.” Radiology 249, no. 3 (December 2008): 926–37. https://doi.org/10.1148/radiol.2492071734.
  • Saunders, Robert S., and Ehsan Samei. “The effect of breast compression on mass conspicuity in digital mammography.” Med Phys 35, no. 10 (October 2008): 4464–73. https://doi.org/10.1118/1.2977600.
  • Singh, Swatee, Georgia D. Tourassi, Jay A. Baker, Ehsan Samei, and Joseph Y. Lo. “Automated breast mass detection in 3D reconstructed tomosynthesis volumes: a featureless approach.” Med Phys 35, no. 8 (August 2008): 3626–36. https://doi.org/10.1118/1.2953562.
  • Williams, Mark B., Priya Raghunathan, Mitali J. More, J Anthony Seibert, Alexander Kwan, Joseph Y. Lo, Ehsan Samei, et al. “Optimization of exposure parameters in full field digital mammography.” Med Phys 35, no. 6 (June 2008): 2414–23. https://doi.org/10.1118/1.2912177.
  • Pollard, Benjamin J., Amarpreet S. Chawla, David M. Delong, Noriyuki Hashimoto, and Ehsan Samei. “Object detectability at increased ambient lighting conditions.” Med Phys 35, no. 6 (June 2008): 2204–13. https://doi.org/10.1118/1.2907566.
  • Fetterly, Kenneth A., Hartwig R. Blume, Michael J. Flynn, and Ehsan Samei. “Introduction to grayscale calibration and related aspects of medical imaging grade liquid crystal displays.” J Digit Imaging 21, no. 2 (June 2008): 193–207. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10278-007-9022-y.
  • Chawla, Amarpreet S., Ehsan Samei, Robert S. Saunders, Joseph Y. Lo, and Jay A. Baker. “A mathematical model platform for optimizing a multiprojection breast imaging system.” Med Phys 35, no. 4 (April 2008): 1337–45. https://doi.org/10.1118/1.2885367.
  • Samei, Ehsan, Nicole T. Ranger, and David M. Delong. “A comparative contrast-detail study of five medical displays.” Med Phys 35, no. 4 (April 2008): 1358–64. https://doi.org/10.1118/1.2868780.
  • Schindera, Sebastian T., Rendon C. Nelson, Srinivasan Mukundan, Erik K. Paulson, Tracy A. Jaffe, Chad M. Miller, David M. DeLong, Keigo Kawaji, Terry T. Yoshizumi, and Ehsan Samei. “Hypervascular liver tumors: low tube voltage, high tube current multi-detector row CT for enhanced detection--phantom study.” Radiology 246, no. 1 (January 2008): 125–32. https://doi.org/10.1148/radiol.2461070307.
  • Saunders, Robert S., Jay A. Baker, David M. Delong, Jeff P. Johnson, and Ehsan Samei. “Does image quality matter? Impact of resolution and noise on mammographic task performance.” Med Phys 34, no. 10 (October 2007): 3971–81. https://doi.org/10.1118/1.2776253.
  • Chawla, Amarpreet S., Ehsan Samei, Robert Saunders, Craig Abbey, and David Delong. “Effect of dose reduction on the detection of mammographic lesions: a mathematical observer model analysis.” Med Phys 34, no. 8 (August 2007): 3385–98. https://doi.org/10.1118/1.2756607.
  • Ranger, Nicole T., Ehsan Samei, James T. Dobbins, and Carl E. Ravin. “Assessment of detective quantum efficiency: intercomparison of a recently introduced international standard with prior methods.” Radiology 243, no. 3 (June 2007): 785–95. https://doi.org/10.1148/radiol.2433060485.
  • Badea, Cristian T., Laurence W. Hedlund, Ming De Lin, Julie S Boslego Mackel, Ehsan Samei, and G Allan Johnson. “Tomographic digital subtraction angiography for lung perfusion estimation in rodents.” Med Phys 34, no. 5 (May 2007): 1546–55. https://doi.org/10.1118/1.2717384.
  • Samei, Ehsan, Stanton A. Stebbins, James T. Dobbins, H Page McAdams, and Joseph Y. Lo. “Multiprojection correlation imaging for improved detection of pulmonary nodules.” AJR Am J Roentgenol 188, no. 5 (May 2007): 1239–45. https://doi.org/10.2214/AJR.06.0843.
  • Samei, Ehsan, Robert S. Saunders, Jay A. Baker, and David M. Delong. “Digital mammography: effects of reduced radiation dose on diagnostic performance.” Radiology 243, no. 2 (May 2007): 396–404. https://doi.org/10.1148/radiol.2432061065.
  • Samei, Ehsan, Ananth Poolla, Michael J. Ulissey, and John M. Lewin. “Digital mammography: comparative performance of color LCD and monochrome CRT displays.” Acad Radiol 14, no. 5 (May 2007): 539–46. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.acra.2007.01.022.
  • Ruschin, Mark, Pontus Timberg, Magnus Båth, Bengt Hemdal, Tony Svahn, Rob S. Saunders, Ehsan Samei, et al. “Dose dependence of mass and microcalcification detection in digital mammography: free response human observer studies.” Med Phys 34, no. 2 (February 2007): 400–407. https://doi.org/10.1118/1.2405324.
  • Chawla, Amarpreet S., and Ehsan Samei. “Ambient illumination revisited: a new adaptation-based approach for optimizing medical imaging reading environments.” Med Phys 34, no. 1 (January 2007): 81–90. https://doi.org/10.1118/1.2402583.
  • McAdams, H Page, Ehsan Samei, James Dobbins, Georgia D. Tourassi, and Carl E. Ravin. “Recent advances in chest radiography.” Radiology 241, no. 3 (December 2006): 663–83. https://doi.org/10.1148/radiol.2413051535.
  • Saunders, R. S., and E. Samei. “Improving mammographic decision accuracy by incorporating observer ratings with interpretation time.” Br J Radiol 79 Spec No 2 (December 2006): S117–22. https://doi.org/10.1259/bjr/96931332.
  • Saunders, Robert S., Ehsan Samei, Jay Baker, David Delong, Mary Scott Soo, Ruth Walsh, Etta Pisano, Cherie M. Kuzmiak, and Dag Pavic. “Comparison of LCD and CRT displays based on efficacy for digital mammography.” Acad Radiol 13, no. 11 (November 2006): 1317–26. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.acra.2006.07.017.
  • De Lin, Ming, Ehsan Samei, Cristian T. Badea, Terry T. Yoshizumi, and G. Allan Johnson. “Optimized radiographic spectra for small animal digital subtraction angiography.” Med Phys 33, no. 11 (November 2006): 4249–57. https://doi.org/10.1118/1.2356646.
  • Badano, Aldo, Sarah Schneider, and Ehsan Samei. “Visual assessment of angular response in medical liquid crystal displays.” J Digit Imaging 19, no. 3 (September 2006): 240–48. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10278-006-0633-5.
  • Siegel, Eliot, Elizabeth Krupinski, Ehsan Samei, Michael Flynn, Katherine Andriole, Bradley Erickson, Jerry Thomas, Aldo Badano, J Anthony Seibert, and Etta D. Pisano. “Digital mammography image quality: image display.” J Am Coll Radiol 3, no. 8 (August 2006): 615–27. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jacr.2006.03.007.
  • Saunders, Robert, Ehsan Samei, Jay Baker, and David Delong. “Simulation of mammographic lesions.” Acad Radiol 13, no. 7 (July 2006): 860–70. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.acra.2006.03.015.
  • Borasi, Giovanni, Ehsan Samei, Marco Bertolini, Andrea Nitrosi, and Davide Tassoni. “Contrast-detail analysis of three flat panel detectors for digital radiography.” Med Phys 33, no. 6 (June 2006): 1707–19. https://doi.org/10.1118/1.2191014.
  • Dobbins, James T., Ehsan Samei, Nicole T. Ranger, and Ying Chen. “Intercomparison of methods for image quality characterization. II. Noise power spectrum.” Med Phys 33, no. 5 (May 2006): 1466–75. https://doi.org/10.1118/1.2188819.
  • Samei, Ehsan, Nicole T. Ranger, James T. Dobbins, and Ying Chen. “Intercomparison of methods for image quality characterization. I. Modulation transfer function.” Med Phys 33, no. 5 (May 2006): 1454–65. https://doi.org/10.1118/1.2188816.
  • Boyce, Sarah J., and Ehsan Samei. “Imaging properties of digital magnification radiography.” Med Phys 33, no. 4 (April 2006): 984–96. https://doi.org/10.1118/1.2174133.
  • Samei, Ehsan, and Steven L. Wright. “Viewing angle performance of medical liquid crystal displays.” Med Phys 33, no. 3 (March 2006): 645–54. https://doi.org/10.1118/1.2168430.
  • Saunders, Robert S., and Ehsan Samei. “Resolution and noise measurements of five CRT and LCD medical displays.” Med Phys 33, no. 2 (February 2006): 308–19. https://doi.org/10.1118/1.2150777.
  • Hoe, Chee L., Ehsan Samei, Donald P. Frush, and David M. Delong. “Simulation of liver lesions for pediatric CT.” Radiology 238, no. 2 (February 2006): 699–705. https://doi.org/10.1148/radiol.2381050477.
  • McKinley, Randolph L., Martin P. Tornai, Caryl Brzymialkiewicz, Priti Madhav, Ehsan Samei, and James E. Bowsher. “Analysis of a novel offset cone-beam computed mammotomography system geometry for accomodating various breast sizes.” Phys Med 21 Suppl 1 (2006): 48–55. https://doi.org/10.1016/S1120-1797(06)80024-4.
  • Samei, Ehsan, Egbert Buhr, Paul Granfors, Dirk Vandenbroucke, and Xiaohui Wang. “Comparison of edge analysis techniques for the determination of the MTF of digital radiographic systems.” Phys Med Biol 50, no. 15 (August 7, 2005): 3613–25. https://doi.org/10.1088/0031-9155/50/15/009.
  • Ranger, Nicole T., Ehsan Samei, James T. Dobbins, and Carl E. Ravin. “Measurement of the detective quantum efficiency in digital detectors consistent with the IEC 62220-1 standard: Practical considerations regarding the choice of filter material.” Med Phys 32, no. 7Part1 (July 2005): 2305–11. https://doi.org/10.1118/1.1929187.
  • Samei, Ehsan, Joseph Y. Lo, Terry T. Yoshizumi, Jonathan L. Jesneck, James T. Dobbins, Carey E. Floyd, H Page McAdams, and Carl E. Ravin. “Comparative scatter and dose performance of slot-scan and full-field digital chest radiography systems.” Radiology 235, no. 3 (June 2005): 940–49. https://doi.org/10.1148/radiol.2353040516.
  • Samei, Ehsan, Aldo Badano, Dev Chakraborty, Ken Compton, Craig Cornelius, Kevin Corrigan, Michael J. Flynn, et al. “Assessment of display performance for medical imaging systems: executive summary of AAPM TG18 report.” Med Phys 32, no. 4 (April 2005): 1205–25. https://doi.org/10.1118/1.1861159.
  • Saunders, Robert S., Ehsan Samei, Jonathan L. Jesneck, and Joseph Y. Lo. “Physical characterization of a prototype selenium-based full field digital mammography detector.” Med Phys 32, no. 2 (February 2005): 588–99. https://doi.org/10.1118/1.1855033.
  • Samei, Ehsan, James T. Dobbins, Joseph Y. Lo, and Martin P. Tornai. “A framework for optimising the radiographic technique in digital X-ray imaging.” Radiat Prot Dosimetry 114, no. 1–3 (2005): 220–29. https://doi.org/10.1093/rpd/nch562.
  • Samei, Ehsan. “AAPM/RSNA physics tutorial for residents: technological and psychophysical considerations for digital mammographic displays.” Radiographics 25, no. 2 (2005): 491–501. https://doi.org/10.1148/rg.252045185.
  • Samei, Ehsan, Alan Rowberg, Ellie Avraham, and Craig Cornelius. “Toward clinically relevant standardization of image quality.” J Digit Imaging 17, no. 4 (December 2004): 271–78. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10278-004-1031-5.
  • Samei, E., and S. L. Wright. “Luminance and contrast performance of liquid crystal displays for mammographic applications.” Technol Cancer Res Treat 3, no. 5 (October 2004): 429–36. https://doi.org/10.1177/153303460400300503.
  • Samei, Ehsan, Robert S. Saunders, Joseph Y. Lo, James T. Dobbins, Jonathan L. Jesneck, Carey E. Floyd, and Carl E. Ravin. “Fundamental imaging characteristics of a slot-scan digital chest radiographic system.” Med Phys 31, no. 9 (September 2004): 2687–98. https://doi.org/10.1118/1.1783531.
  • Neitzel, Ulrich, Susanne Günther-Kohfahl, Giovanni Borasi, and Ehsan Samei. “Determination of the detective quantum efficiency of a digital x-ray detector: comparison of three evaluations using a common image data set.” Med Phys 31, no. 8 (August 2004): 2205–11. https://doi.org/10.1118/1.1766421.
  • Jung, Haijo, Hee-Joung Kim, Won-Suk Kang, Sun Kook Yoo, Kiyoto Fujioka, Mikio Hasegawa, and Ehsan Samei. “Assessment of flat panel LCD primary class display performance based on AAPM TG 18 acceptance protocol.” Med Phys 31, no. 7 (July 2004): 2155–64. https://doi.org/10.1118/1.1764946.
  • Saunders, Robert S., Ehsan Samei, and Christoph Hoeschen. “Impact of resolution and noise characteristics of digital radiographic detectors on the detectability of lung nodules.” Med Phys 31, no. 6 (June 2004): 1603–13. https://doi.org/10.1118/1.1753112.
  • McKinley, Randolph L., Martin P. Tornai, Ehsan Samei, and Marques L. Bradshaw. “Simulation study of a quasi-monochromatic beam for x-ray computed mammotomography.” Med Phys 31, no. 4 (April 2004): 800–813. https://doi.org/10.1118/1.1668371.
  • Samei, Ehsan, J Anthony Seibert, Katherine Andriole, Aldo Badano, Jay Crawford, Bruce Reiner, Michael J. Flynn, and Paul Chang. “AAPM/RSNA tutorial on equipment selection: PACS equipment overview: general guidelines for purchasing and acceptance testing of PACS equipment.” Radiographics 24, no. 1 (2004): 313–34. https://doi.org/10.1148/rg.241035137.
  • Turner, Shannon R., Ehsan Samei, Barbara S. Hertzberg, David M. DeLong, Rene Vargas-Voracek, Amy Singer, Carolyn H. Maynor, and Mark A. Kliewer. “Sonography of fetal choroid plexus cysts: detection depends on cyst size and gestational age.” J Ultrasound Med 22, no. 11 (November 2003): 1219–27. https://doi.org/10.7863/jum.2003.22.11.1219.
  • Saunders, Robert S., and Ehsan Samei. “A method for modifying the image quality parameters of digital radiographic images.” Med Phys 30, no. 11 (November 2003): 3006–17. https://doi.org/10.1118/1.1621870.
  • Samei, Ehsan, Michael J. Flynn, Edward Peterson, and William R. Eyler. “Subtle lung nodules: influence of local anatomic variations on detection.” Radiology 228, no. 1 (July 2003): 76–84. https://doi.org/10.1148/radiol.2273020509.
  • Samei, Ehsan. “Image quality in two phosphor-based flat panel digital radiographic detectors.” Med Phys 30, no. 7 (July 2003): 1747–57. https://doi.org/10.1118/1.1578772.
  • Samei, Ehsan, and Michael J. Flynn. “An experimental comparison of detector performance for direct and indirect digital radiography systems.” Med Phys 30, no. 4 (April 2003): 608–22. https://doi.org/10.1118/1.1561285.
  • Samei, Ehsan, Jeanne G. Hill, G Donald Frey, W Michael Southgate, Eugene Mah, and David Delong. “Evaluation of a flat panel digital radiographic system for low-dose portable imaging of neonates.” Med Phys 30, no. 4 (April 2003): 601–7. https://doi.org/10.1118/1.1556611.
  • Dobbins, James T., Ehsan Samei, Harrell G. Chotas, Richard J. Warp, Alan H. Baydush, Carey E. Floyd, and Carl E. Ravin. “Chest radiography: optimization of X-ray spectrum for cesium iodide-amorphous silicon flat-panel detector.” Radiology 226, no. 1 (January 2003): 221–30. https://doi.org/10.1148/radiol.2261012023.
  • Samei, Ehsan, and Michael J. Flynn. “An experimental comparison of detector performance for computed radiography systems.” Med Phys 29, no. 4 (April 2002): 447–59. https://doi.org/10.1118/1.1449873.
  • Samei, E., J. A. Seibert, C. E. Willis, M. J. Flynn, E. Mah, and K. L. Junck. “Performance evaluation of computed radiography systems.” Med Phys 28, no. 3 (March 2001): 361–71. https://doi.org/10.1118/1.1350586.
  • Mah, E., E. Samei, and D. J. Peck. “Evaluation of a quality control phantom for digital chest radiography.” J Appl Clin Med Phys 2, no. 2 (2001): 90–101. https://doi.org/10.1120/jacmp.v2i2.2621.
  • Ryan, M. T., K. M. Spicer, D. Frei-Lahr, E. Samei, G. D. Frey, H. Hargrove, and G. Bloodworth. “Health physics consequences of out-patient treatment of non-Hodgkin's lymphoma with 131I-radiolabeled anti-B1 antibody.” Health Phys 79, no. 5 Suppl (November 2000): S52–55. https://doi.org/10.1097/00004032-200011001-00004.
  • Kearfott, K. J., S. Han, E. C. Wagner, E. Samei, and C. K. Wang. “Numerical simulation of a TLD pulsed laser-heating scheme for determination of shallow dose and deep dose in low-LET radiation fields.” Appl Radiat Isot 52, no. 6 (June 2000): 1419–29. https://doi.org/10.1016/s0969-8043(99)00251-1.
  • Samei, E., M. J. Flynn, and W. R. Eyler. “Detection of subtle lung nodules: relative influence of quantum and anatomic noise on chest radiographs.” Radiology 213, no. 3 (December 1999): 727–34. https://doi.org/10.1148/radiology.213.3.r99dc19727.
  • Flynn, M. J., and E. Samei. “Experimental comparison of noise and resolution for 2k and 4k storage phosphor radiography systems.” Med Phys 26, no. 8 (August 1999): 1612–23. https://doi.org/10.1118/1.598656.
  • Samei, E., M. J. Flynn, and D. A. Reimann. “A method for measuring the presampled MTF of digital radiographic systems using an edge test device.” Med Phys 25, no. 1 (January 1998): 102–13. https://doi.org/10.1118/1.598165.
  • Beute, G. H., M. J. Flynn, W. R. Eyler, E. Samei, D. L. Spizarny, and C. J. Zylak. “Chest radiographic image quality: comparison of asymmetric screen-film, digital storage phosphor, and digital selenium drum systems--preliminary study.” Radiographics 18, no. 3 (1998): 745–54. https://doi.org/10.1148/radiographics.18.3.9599395.
  • Samei, E., M. J. Flynn, and W. R. Eyler. “Simulation of subtle lung nodules in projection chest radiography.” Radiology 202, no. 1 (January 1997): 117–24. https://doi.org/10.1148/radiology.202.1.8988200.
  • Samei, E., and K. J. Kearfott. “A limited bibliography of the Federal Government-funded human radiation experiments.” Health Phys 69, no. 6 (December 1995): 885–91. https://doi.org/10.1097/00004032-199512000-00001.
  • Kearfott, K. J., S. Han, K. L. McMahan, and E. Samei. “Sensitivity of a mixed field dosimetry algorithm to uncertainties in thermoluminescent element readings.” Health Phys 68, no. 3 (March 1995): 340–49. https://doi.org/10.1097/00004032-199503000-00006.